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Thomas Baker (Royal Navy officer)
Sir Thomas Baker KCB, KWN (1771 – 26 January 1845) was an officer of the Royal Navy, who saw service during the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He had obtained his own command during the French Revolutionary Wars and was to play a part in bringing about three of the battles of the Napoleonic Wars, the Battle of Copenhagen, the Battle of Trafalgar, and the Battle of Cape Ortegal. He only directly participated in the third, but his actions there, and the capture of the French frigate beforehand brought him honours and rewards. While towing the ''Didon'' to a British port, he and another vessel were sighted by the combined Franco-Spanish fleet under Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, and mistaken as scouts for the Channel Fleet. He therefore turned south to Cadiz, leading to the abandonment of the planned invasion of England, and the destruction of the French fleet at Trafalgar by Horatio Nelson some months later. He rose through the ranks after the end of the wars with France, and was commander of the South American station during Charles Darwin's voyage aboard . He eventually died with the rank of vice-admiral in 1845 after a long and distinguished career.
==Early life==
Baker was born in 1771 in Kent, where his family were residents of Walmer. His naval career began on 23 August 1781 when he joined the storeship as a midshipman, serving in the Downs under Captain John Stone.〔 He remained with the ''Dromedary'' until 26 June 1782, and joined under Captain John Peyton on 17 October that year, also on the Downs station. He and Peyton left ''Kite'' on 21 January 1783, as Peyton had been given command of the 74-gun , serving with the Channel Fleet.〔 Baker returned to serve under his original commander, Captain Stone, on 15 March 1783, Stone by now commanding the 32-gun fifth rate . He sailed out to Halifax with her, and left ''Hermione'' on 5 October 1785 when she was paid off.〔 The end of the American War of Independence left Baker without a ship, but he was able to gain employment sailing on the ships of the East India Company. This occupation lasted for the next two and half years, until he rejoined the navy on 22 March 1788, serving aboard the 28-gun .〔 He and the ''Dido'' sailed to Halifax, where Baker transferred aboard the 24-gun sloop on 22 July 1790 in order to sail home.〔
Baker spent the winter of 1790 ashore, but returned to sea on 18 May 1791 when he joined the 100-gun at Plymouth.〔 He left the ''Royal Sovereign'' on 24 September 1791 to join Captain William Bligh's 64-gun , but by October he had transferred aboard the 32-gun .〔 Baker and the ''Winchelsea'' served in the English Channel until February 1792, when he came ashore. His next posting was in August, when he joined the 38-gun under Commodore William Cornwallis for service in the East Indies.〔 While serving in the East Indies Baker was commissioned lieutenant, on 13 October 1792, and on 17 October he was appointed to the 10-gun ''Swan''. He returned to England and left her on her being paid off on 23 December 1793.〔 Baker was then appointed as acting-commander of the hired armed cutter ''Lion''.〔
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